Zhou, Lu
Rao, Hai
Rao, Feng
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (RCBS20231211090733055)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (RCJC20221008092757096, JCYJ20220530114010022 and JCYJ20220818095605011)
the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2023A1515012590)
the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2022A1515010830)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270831 and 32122026)
Shenzhen Medical Research Fund (B2402049, B2301008)
the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20200820113040070)
the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0525200)
the High level of special funds (G03050K003)
Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no conflict of interest as defined by Nature Portfolio, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. Note that F.R. is an associate editor of npl Metabolic Health and Disease.