Butt, Jordan N.
Scott, Robert L.
Bryan, Michael R.
Steiner, Daniel J.
Bachmann, Rachele
Santonastaso, Bianca
Gatchell, Madelyn
Refaai, Majed
Miller, Benjamin L.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Standards and Technology (70NANB22H015)
Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.