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Authors
Moawad, Ayman
Zebiak, Matthew
Pierre, Megan St.
Karbowski, Dominik
Rousseau, Aymeric
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial interests but the following competing non-financial interest: this study was conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Argonne National Laboratory and General Motors. All authors were involved and had access to proprietary, confidential data provided by General Motors for analysis. No authors hold patents or patent applications related to the work reported in this manuscript.
