Jia, Chunchun
Liu, Wei
He, Hongwen
Chau, K. T.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hong Kong Research Grants Council (T23-701/20-R)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (P0048560)
Wisdom Motors (HK) Limited (P0051097)
Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.