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Authors
Lu, Miaojia
Liu, Rui
Jin, Zhicheng
Yuan, Quan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72101188)
Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72361137005)
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Article History
Received: 20 July 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Competing interests
: Author Quan Yuan is an editorial board member (Associate Editor) for npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport, but was not involved in the editorial review of, or the decision to publish, this article. The authors declare no other competing interests.
