Mukherjee, Orijeet
Zhou, Dongqin
Pal, Ashis
Watson, Jack
Gonzalez, Marta
Chatterjee, Samrat
Ganguly, Auroop R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (RC20-1183)
Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Competing interests
: Author Marta Gonzalez is an Associate Editor of npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport. Marta Gonzalez was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.