Baek, Yongmin
Bae, Byungjoon
Shin, Hyojin
Sonnadara, Charana
Cho, Haein
Lin, Ching-Yi
Mu, Yujia
Shen, Cong
Shah, Sahil
Wang, Gunuk
Lee, Kyusang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (RS-2024-00463084)
Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-2332060)
Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-2332060)
Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-2332060)
Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-2332060)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00520264)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00520264)
University of Maryland, College Park internal seed grant
Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS-2002902)
Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS-2002902)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research,United States (FA9550-23-1-0159)
Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Competing interests
: Y.B., B.B., H.S., C.S., H.C., C.-Y.L., Y.M., C.S., S.S., and G.W. declare no financial or non-financial competing interests. K.L. serves as an editorial board member of this journal and had no role in the peer review or decision to publish this manuscript. K.L. declares no financial competing interests.