Holla, Amod
Chatterjee, Sumedh
Sen, Sutanu
Mukherjee, Anushka
GarcĂa-Redondo, Fernando
Biswas, Dwaipayan
Iacopi, Francesca
Roy, Kaushik
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (CHEETA: CMOS+MRAM Hardware for Energy-Efficient AI)
U.S. Department of Defense (CHEETA: CMOS+MRAM Hardware for Energy-Efficient AI)
U.S. Department of Defense (CHEETA: CMOS+MRAM Hardware for Energy-Efficient AI)
U.S. Department of Defense (CHEETA: CMOS+MRAM Hardware for Energy-Efficient AI)
U.S. Department of Defense (CHEETA: CMOS+MRAM Hardware for Energy-Efficient AI)
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Center for the Co-Design of Cognitive Systems (CoCoSYS))
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Center for the Co-Design of Cognitive Systems (CoCoSYS))
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Center for the Co-Design of Cognitive Systems (CoCoSYS))
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Center for the Co-Design of Cognitive Systems (CoCoSYS))
Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Center for the Co-Design of Cognitive Systems (CoCoSYS))
Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.