Zhu, Kevin
Mulet, Ian
Date, Prasanna
Gautam, Ashish
Nitzsche, Tyler
Snyder, Shay
Kulkarni, Shruti
Lim, Seung-Hwan
Cong, Guojing
Nowzari, Cameron
Schuman, Catherine
Parsa, Maryam
Potok, Thomas
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025349)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025654)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025654)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025349)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025654)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025349)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725)
Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: Author Catherine Schuman serves as a member of the editorial board for NPJ Unconventional Computing. Catherine Schuman was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. Author Catherine Schuman declares no financial competing interests. All other authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests.