Mastin, Tucker
Anderson, Niklas
McNeal, Silas
Tubbin, Matthew
Teuscher, Christof
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2318139)
National Science Foundation (2318139)
Daimler Truck Portland Professorship Fund
Frank & Ken Undergraduate Research Program
Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: Author Christof Teuscher is an Associate Editor of npj Unconventional Computing. C.T. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. The other authors declare no competing interests.