Wang, Qingfeng
Zhukas, Liudmila A.
Miao, Qiang
Dalvi, Aniket S.
Love, Peter J.
Monroe, Christopher
Chong, Frederic T.
Ravi, Gokul Subramanian
Funding for this research was provided by:
Army Research Office
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
U.S. Department of Energy
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
National Science Foundation
Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Competing interests
: F.T.C. is the Chief Scientist for Quantum Software at Infleqtion and an advisor to Quantum Circuits, Inc. P.J.L. is Chief Scientific Officer at QMatter, Inc. The other authors do not have a competing interest.