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Article History

Received: 27 September 2024

Accepted: 27 December 2024

First Online: 22 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests related to this work. Conflicts of interest of all authors are declared, which are all unrelated to this work. C.J.K., L.A.-G., and D.I.W. have no conflicts of interest to declare. P.N.B. has acted as a consultant for Resolution Therapeutics, and has received educational honorarium from Takeda. C.D.H. has received honorarium for speakers’ bureaus from Novo Nordisk. N.A. has received grants and research support from 89bio, Akero Therapeutics, Arbutus Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Better Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corcept Therapeutics, CymaBay Therapeutics, DSM, Galectin Therapeutics, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead Sciences, Healio, Hepagene Therapeutics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva Pharma, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Merck, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Noom, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer, Poxel, Viking Therapeutics, and Zydus Pharmaceuticals. NA has received consulting fees from 89bio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Fibronostics, Gilead Sciences, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, and Pfizer, and Zydus. N.A. has received educational honoraria from AbbVie, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, and Perspectum. J.S. has received consulting fees from Akero, Alentis, Alexion, Altimmune, Astra Zeneca, 89Bio, Bionorica, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, GSK, HistoIndex, Ipsen, Inventiva Pharma, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Kríya Therapeutics, Lilly, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Nordic Bioscience, Northsea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens Healthineers, Summit Clinical, Vantage Biosciences Research, and Worldwide Clinical Trials. J.S. has received educational honoraria from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Ipsen Novo Nordisk, and Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, and has stock/stock options in Hepta Bio. S.I. has acted as a paid expert testimony in the following cases: Estate of Adam Kennedy vs. Central Florida Logging, Inc. Case No. 2017-CA-001766 (Fritz Gray, Maney & Gordon, P.A.); Linda Marie Johnson, Administrator of the Estate of Kathleen I. Payne, Deceased vs. Altercare of Mentor Center for Rehabilitation & Nursing Care, Inc. Case No. CV 23977728 (Elk + Elk); and Shawn Ligget, as Special Administrator of the Estate of James Randal Ligget, deceased, vs. Baxter County Regional Hospital, Inc. Baxter County, Arkansas. Case No. 03CV-21-309 (Dodds, Kidd, Ryan & Rowan). S.I. was elected President of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. M.M. has received educational honoraria from Novo Nordisk and Ipsen, and has been supported to attend meetings/travel by Novo Nordisk, Ipsen, and Gilead. J.V.L. acknowledges grants to ISGlobal from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Madrigal, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Roche Diagnostics, consulting fees from EchoSens, NovoVax, GSK, Novo Nordisk and Pfizer, and payment or honoraria for lectures from AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Pfizer.