Yao, Yuxin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1256-9918
Liu, Shunchang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-5737
Rodríguez-Gallegos, Carlos D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-3668
Rodríguez-Gallegos, César A. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7514-6842
Wang, Zaiwei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-0206
Article History
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 15 September 2025
Competing interests
: Y.H. is the founder of Singfilm Solar, a company focused on the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technologies. The other authors declare no competing interests.