Arhami Dolatabad, Alireza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-0757
Blotevogel, Jens https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-836X
Ateia, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-5513
Mai, Jiamin
Naidu, Ravi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-8690
Pennell, Kurt
Pignatello, Joseph J.
Rappe, Anthony
Altarawneh, Mohammednoor
Winchell, Lloyd
Zhang, Xuejia
Xiao, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-6055
Article History
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Competing interests
: L.W. is an employee of Brown and Caldwell, an environmental engineering and consulting firm specializing in water and wastewater treatment and environmental remediation; Brown and Caldwell is not an equipment vendor. M.A. is an employee of AECOM Technical Services, which is not an equipment vendor. K.P. reports a relationship with Pennell Environmental LLC for consulting and expert advice, which is not an equipment vendor. The other authors declare no competing interests.