Tao, Shengyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-432X
Moura, Scott https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-4375
Brandell, Daniel
Han, Zhiyuan
Urréhman, Shafiq
Zou, Changfu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-6854
Zhang, Xuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-4002
Zhou, Guangmin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-5686
Article History
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.U. is an employee of Zeekr Technology Europe, a company that focuses on developing advanced battery technologies, vehicle components, vehicle architectures and engineering solutions for passenger vehicle design and manufacturing. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Zeekr. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.