Murayama, Hiroaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-5981
Asakura, Toshiaki R.
Dickens, Borame L.
Boyle, Dorothy
Foo, Jen Han
Jin, Shihui
Mukadi, Patrick K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-9345
Ejima, Keisuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-3987
Jung, Sung-mok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-4515
Nishi, Akihiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-5985
Prem, Kiesha
Wakamba, Audry M.
Saila-Ngita, Diafuka
Niyukuri, David
Endo, Akira https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-7296
Funding for this research was provided by:
MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JPMJPR22R3)
MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JPMJPR23R3)
MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JPMJPR21R8)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP223fa627004)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22K17329)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24KJ1827)
Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (na)
National University of Singapore (na)
Rotary Foundation (GG2350294)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (na)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (na)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (RLMOE100201900000001)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (LKCMedicine-SUG, #022487-00001)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (200-2016-91781)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K01AI166347)
National Science Foundation (NSF #2230125)
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.