Dai, Xiaochen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-7814
Nicholson, Sneha I.
Lawlor, Hilary R.
Carr, Sinclair https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-3145
Steinmetz, Jaimie D.
Chen, Natalie M.
McLaughlin, Susan A.
Hay, Simon I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-7272
Ong, Kanyin L.
Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.
Zheng, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-215X
Sorensen, Reed J. D.
Gilbertson, Nora M.
Mullany, Erin C.
O’Connell, Erin M.
Murray, Christopher J. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-9450
Gakidou, Emmanuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-591X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.