Liu, Yu
Hodges, Sierra
Wu, Jiani
Siegel, Bryn
Velev, Alexandra
Yan, Keming
Ma, Linting
Vangel, Mark
Dickerson, Bradford Clark
Wong, Bonnie
Kong, Jian
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Aging (R41AG082591)
Article History
Received: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: J.K. reports equity ownership in Massachusetts Neuro Technology Inc. and Brain Thrive Technology (BTT), as well as involvement in one granted patent related to auricular/vagus nerve stimulation. B.C.D. is an associate editor for npj Dementia. B.C.D. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this paper. All other authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.