Ahmed, Sali
Sun, Jiashuo
Cao, Yanjia
Watkins, David
Su, Yanfang
Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.A. and D.W.’s participation in this work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number 332673, and the Trond Mohn Research Foundation, Grant ID BFS2019TMT02. All other coauthors have no financial competing interests. Y.S. is a Guest Editor of the npj Health Systems Collection Policy Implementation in Health Financing and Service Delivery. Y.S. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.