Luo, Huihuan
Zhang, Zheqi
Li, Anni
Zhang, Qingli
Zhu, Xinlei
Chen, Renjie
Kan, Haidong
Sun, Xiaodong
Guo, Yutao
Wu, Zhenyu
Jia, Huixun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173613)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471130)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (GWVI-11.2-XD18)
Shanghai Hospital Development Centre (SHDC2023CRS032)
Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Competing interests
: Huixun Jia is the Guest Editor of BMC Ophthalmology. Huixun Jia was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this paper. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.