Sharma, Ravi
Ding, Chunyu
Soldovieri, Francesco
Xie, Yachen
Su, Yan
Zhi, Yuxiao
Xu, Jiangwan
Lei, Zhonghan
Qiu, Xiaohang
Chen, Haoyu
Liang, Zihang
Jiang, Changzhi
Song, Mi
Chen, Wentao
Jaaffrey, S.N.A.
Li, Fei
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (015247)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (W2533107)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12473063, 62227901, 12461160265, and U24A2087)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515011275)
The team “Searching for Subglacial Water On Mars with Orbiting Ground Penetrating Radars” of the International Space Science Institute
FDCT Project (0158/2024/AFJ)
Chunyu Ding, Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research (2024C009)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission ((Nos. JCYJ20240813141206009 and JCYJ20250604182522029))
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Competing interests
: Chunyu Ding is an Editorial Board Member of npj Space Exploration and was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. The authors declare no other competing interests.