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Article History

Received: 1 February 2016

Revised: 13 November 2016

Accepted: 27 November 2016

First Online: 10 January 2017

Competing interests

: JK Buitelaar has been a consultant to/member of the advisory board of and/or speaker for Janssen-Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myer Squibb, Shering Plough, UCB, Shire, Novartis and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, nor a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties. B Franke received a speaker fee from Merz. P Asherson has served as a consultant for Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Shire, Novartis and Continuum. He has received educational or research grants from and has spoken at sponsored talks from Shire, Vifor, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly and Qbech. T Banaschewski has served in an advisory or consultancy role for Bristol Myers-Sqibb, Develco Pharma, Eli Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Shire and Viro-Pharma. He has received conference attendance support and conference support or received speaker’s fee by Eli Lilly, Janssen McNeil, Medice, Novartis and Shire. He has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Eli Lilly and Shire. The present work is unrelated to the grants and relationships noted earlier. RD Oades has received research funding and conference attendance support from UCB, Janssen-Cilag and Shire. Dr Rothenberger has served on the advisory boards and speakers’ bureaus for Eli Lilly, Shire, Medice and Novartis. He has received research support from Shire, the German Research Society and Schwaabe and travel support from Shire. He has received an educational grant from Shire and has served as a consultant to UCB/Shire and Eli Lilly. Dr Seargeant has served on the advisory board of Shire. He has received support for conference attendance from Eli Lilly, Vifor and Shire. Dr Sonuga-Barke in the past 3 years has received financial support from Shire for research projects, advisory board membership, consultancy, public speaking and conference travel and financial support from Janssen-Cilag and Medice for public speaking. Dr Steinhausen has served as an advisor and speaker for the following pharmaceutical companies: Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Medice, Shire and UCB. More than 3 years ago, he also received unrestricted grants for postgraduate training courses or conferences and research from Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Medice and Swedish Orphan International. Dr Faraone has received consulting income and/or research support from Akili Interactive Labs, Alcobra, VAYA Pharma and SynapDx and research support from the National Institutes of Health. His institution is seeking a patent for the use of sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitors in the treatment of ADHD. In previous years, he received consulting fees, served on advisory boards or participated in continuing medical education programs sponsored by Shire, Otsuka, McNeil, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Eli Lilly. Dr Faraone receives royalties from books published by Guilford Press (Straight Talk about Your Child’s Mental Health) and Oxford University Press (Schizophrenia: The Facts). The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.