Gupta, L
Cvintal, V
Delvadia, R
Sun, Y
Erdem, E
Zangalli, C
Lu, L
Wizov, S S
Richman, J
Spaeth, E
Spaeth, G L
Article History
Received: 5 June 2016
Accepted: 1 December 2016
First Online: 20 January 2017
Competing interests
: George Spaeth, Eric Spaeth, and Jesse Richman developed and patented the Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity test (SPARCS). Eric Spaeth, Patent # 8.042,946; Jesse Richman, MD, Patent # 8.042,946; George L Spaeth, MD, Patent # 8.042,946.