Sahmel, Jennifer
Barlow, Christy A
Gaffney, Shannon
Avens, Heather J
Madl, Amy K
Henshaw, John
Unice, Ken
Galbraith, David
DeRose, Gretchen
Lee, Richard J
Van Orden, Drew
Sanchez, Matthew
Zock, Matthew
Paustenbach, Dennis J
Article History
Received: 11 July 2014
Revised: 23 December 2014
Accepted: 3 February 2015
First Online: 29 April 2015
Competing interests
: At the time of the study, 8 of the 13 authors were employed by Cardno ChemRisk, a consulting firm that performs scientific research and support for the government, corporations, law firms, and various scientific/professional organizations. The other five authors were employed by RJ Lee Group, an analytical laboratory and consulting firm. A portion of the funding for the preparation of this article and the underlying research was provided by John Crane Inc., a manufacturer of sealing devices that historically manufactured or supplied asbestos-containing gaskets and packing. Funding was also provided by Cardno ChemRisk and the RJ Lee Group. Cardno ChemRisk has been engaged by John Crane Inc., to provide general consulting, expert advice, and litigation support on scientific matters involving asbestos. This paper was prepared and written exclusively by the authors without any review or input by John Crane Inc. employees or legal counsel. Seven of the authors (DJP, JLH, DG, JS, AKM, RJL, and DVO) have served as expert witnesses regarding historical exposures of various tradesmen to asbestos. AKM, JLH, and DG have testified on matters related to the historical use of asbestos-containing gasket and packing materials on behalf of John Crane Inc.