Flynn-Evans, Erin E
Barger, Laura K
Kubey, Alan A
Sullivan, Jason P
Czeisler, Charles A
Article History
Received: 8 May 2015
Revised: 28 August 2015
Accepted: 19 October 2015
First Online: 7 January 2016
Competing interests
: LKB has previously received research support from Cephalon, NFL charities, Sysco and San Francisco Bar Pilots. She has received consulting/lecture fees or served as a board member for Alertness Solution, Ceridian, Davis Joint Unified School Board, San Jose State University Foundation, Pugot Sound Pilots, Sygma and Torvec. EEF-E is an employee of NASA Ames Research Center; AAK has a patent, REM-Sleep Directed Visual Alarm System and Method, issued. CAC has received consulting fees from, or served as a paid member of scientific advisory boards for Amazon.com, Inc., A2Z Development Center, Inc., Bose Corporation, Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Browns, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Koninklijke Philips Electronics, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, Novartis, Purdue Pharma, Quest Diagnostics, Samsung Electronics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; owns an equity interest in Somnus and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; and receives research/education support from Philips Respironics, Mary Ann and Stanley Snider through Combined Jewish Philanthropies, National Football League Charities, Optum, San Francisco Bar Pilots, Schneider National, Simmons, Sysco. CAC receives royalties from McGraw Hill, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Philips and from Respironics for the Actiwatch‐2 and Actiwatch‐Spectrum devices used in this research. CAC’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. The Harvard Medical School, Division of Sleep Medicine and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders (LKB, EEF-E, CAC) have received unrestricted educational gifts and endowment funds from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cephalon, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Tempur-Pedic, Walmart, Proctor and Gamble, Optum, Bose, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Apria Healthcare, ResMed Foundation, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Wake Up Narcolepsy, and Sepracor. CAC is the incumbent of an endowed professorship provided to Harvard University by Cephalon, and holds several process patents in the specialty of sleep and circadian rhythms (e.g., photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker). CAC has served as an expert witness on various legal cases related to Celadon, Crete Carrier Corporation, Citgo, sleep and circadian rhythms, including matters related to Celadon, Crete Carrier Corporation, Citgo, Bombardier, Fedex, HG Energy, Michael Jackson’s mother and children, Purdue Pharma, Stric Lan LLC, Valero, and United Parcel Service.