Greto, Valentina L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-1846
Cvetko, Ana http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-2484
Štambuk, Tamara
Dempster, Niall J.
Kifer, Domagoj
Deriš, Helena
Cindrić, Ana
Vučković, Frano
Falchi, Mario
Gillies, Richard S.
Tomlinson, Jeremy W.
Gornik, Olga
Sgromo, Bruno
Spector, Tim D.
Menni, Cristina http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-0571
Geremia, Alessandra
Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina V.
Lauc, Gordan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-9560
Article History
Received: 2 September 2020
Revised: 18 February 2021
Accepted: 9 April 2021
First Online: 3 May 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Tamara Štambuk Declaration of interest: Dr. Štambuk reports that she is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in the field. Helena Deriš Declaration of interest: Helena Deriš reports that she is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in the field. Ana Cindrić Declaration of interest: Ana Cindrić reports that she is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in the field. Frano Vučković Declaration of interest: Dr. Vučković reports that he is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in the field. Olga Gornik Declaration of interest: Dr. Gornik reports that she is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in the field. Alessandra Geremia Declaration of interest: Dr. Geremia reports grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from NIHR research capability fund, during the conduct of the study; other from UCB Pharma, outside the submitted work. Gordan Lauc Declaration of interest: Dr. Lauc reports that he is founder and owner of Genos LTD Zagreb; In addition, Dr. Lauc has multiple patents in the field of glycoscience pending or issued. Valentina L. Greto, Ana Cvetko, Niall J. Dempster, Mario Falchi, Cristina Menni, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Domagoj Kifer, Bruno Sgromo, Richard S. Gillies, Tim Spector, Cristina Menni, Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo Declarations of interest: none.
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Yorkshire & The Humber - Sheffield NRES Committee under the reference number 16/YH/0247. All individuals participating in this study gave written informed consent. The TwinsUK study was approved by NRES Committee London–Westminster, and all twins provided informed written consent.