Lindblad, Anna http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1364-6313
Samkange-Zeeb, Florence http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-1719
de Henauw, Stefaan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4141-5432
Solea, Antonia
Veidebaum, Toomas http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7659-8924
Lauria, Fabio http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1582
Moreno, Luis A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-653X
Iguacel, Isabel http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-5464
Molnár, Dénes http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-7019
Ahrens, Wolfgang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-570X
Winkler, Volker http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9974-1145
Lissner, Lauren http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-2849
Mehlig, Kirsten http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-0734
Article History
Received: 24 October 2022
Revised: 19 July 2023
Accepted: 27 July 2023
First Online: 1 September 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the national ethics committees for each study centre. The IDEFICS and I.Family study protocols adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki ethics principles for research that includes human subjects. Participant inclusion required that parents give written informed consent for their children, and young children also gave verbal consent. From the age of 12 years onwards, children gave their own written informed consent in plain language. The Pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family children cohort study is registered in the ISRCTN clinical trial registry: ExternalRef removed).