Abdallah, Nadine http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-1589
Witzig, Thomas E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-6500
Kumar, Shaji K. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-9284
Lacy, Martha Q.
Hayman, Suzanne R.
Dispenzieri, Angela http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-9512
Roy, Vivek http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-4620
Gertz, Morie A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-5196
Bergsagel, P. Leif http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-7388
Rajkumar, S. Vincent http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1833
Article History
Received: 31 January 2024
Revised: 15 February 2024
Accepted: 19 February 2024
First Online: 28 February 2024
Competing interests
: The study drugs thalidomide and Zometa (zoledronic acid) were provided by Celgene Pharmaceuticals and Novartis Oncology, respectively. S.V.R. has received grants from NIH and research funding from Celgene for clinical trials. T.E.W. has received research funding from Celgene and Novartis for clinical trials. A.D. has received research funding from Celgene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, and Janssen and received a travel grant from Pfizer. M.A.G. served as a consultant for Millennium Pharmaceuticals and received honoraria from Celgene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Prothena, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, and Amgen. M.Q.L. received research funding from Celgene. S.K.K. served as a consultant for Celgene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb and received research funding from Celgene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie, Janssen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.