Solmi, Marco http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-7233
Song, Minjin
Yon, Dong Keon http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948
Lee, Seung Won http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5208
Fombonne, Eric http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-3538
Kim, Min Seo
Park, Seoyeon
Lee, Min Ho
Hwang, Jimin
Keller, Roberto http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9827
Koyanagi, Ai
Jacob, Louis
Dragioti, Elena http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-4125
Smith, Lee
Correll, Christoph U.
Fusar-Poli, Paolo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6788
Croatto, Giovanni http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-3936
Carvalho, Andre F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-5671
Oh, Jae Won
Lee, San
Gosling, Corentin J.
Cheon, Keun-Ah
Mavridis, Dimitris http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1041-4592
Chu, Che-Sheng
Liang, Chih-Sung http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-5586
Radua, Joaquim
Boyer, Laurent
Fond, Guillaume http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-2030
Shin, Jae Il http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2326-1820
Cortese, Samuele
Article History
Received: 27 December 2021
Revised: 7 May 2022
Accepted: 12 May 2022
First Online: 29 June 2022
Competing interests
: MS received honoraria/has been consultant for Angelini, Lundbeck. CUC has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Axsome, Damitsa, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Medscape, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Rovi, Servier, SK Life Science, Sumitomo Dainippon, Sunovion, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Lundbeck, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of LB Pharma. SC is supported by the following grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR): RP-PG-0618-20003, NIHR128472, NIHR130077, NIHR203035, NIHR203684. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
: We followed the standard procedure recommended to register additional publication from GBD2019 project after publication of capstone paper [CitationRef removed]. Our study was also approved by the Institutional Review Board at Yonsei University Health System for the data use.