Bonaventura, Jordi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-0151
Gomez, Juan L.
Carlton, Meghan L.
Lam, Sherry
Sanchez-Soto, Marta
Morris, Patrick J.
Moaddel, Ruin
Kang, Hye Jin
Zanos, Panos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-8648
Gould, Todd D.
Thomas, Craig J.
Sibley, David R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-962X
Zarate, Carlos A. Jr.
Michaelides, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-4917
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (ZIA00069)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2020-117989RA-I00, RYC-2019-027371-I)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (RAI145211A)
Article History
Received: 28 January 2022
Revised: 8 June 2022
Accepted: 10 June 2022
First Online: 29 June 2022
Competing interests
: CZ is listed as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of ketamine in major depression and suicidal ideation. CZ and RM are co-inventors on a patent for the use of (2R,6R)-HNK, (S)-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydroxylated and hydroxylated metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine metabolites in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain. PZ, RM, PM, CJT, CAZ and TDG are co-inventors on a patent application for the use of (2R,6R)-HNK and (2S,6S)-HNK in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorders, and on a patent on the crystal forms and methods of synthesis of (2R,6R)-HNK and (2S,6S)-HNK. PM and CJT are co-inventors on a patent application for the salts of (2R,6R)-HNK, their crystal forms, and methods of making the same and the process for synthesis and purification of (2R,6R)-HNK. RM, PM, CAZ, and CT have assigned their patent rights to the U.S. government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. PZ and TDG have assigned their patent rights to the University of Maryland Baltimore but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the University of Maryland Baltimore. MM has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Redpin Therapeutics and Attune Neurosciences. All other authors declare no conflicts of interests.