Solmi, Marco http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-7233
Seitidis, Georgios http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-1892
Mavridis, Dimitris
Correll, Christoph U.
Dragioti, Elena http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-4125
Guimond, Synthia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-725X
Tuominen, Lauri http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-0467
Dargél, Aroldo
Carvalho, Andre F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-5671
Fornaro, Michele http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-0853
Maes, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-871X
Monaco, Francesco http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-292X
Song, Minjin
Il Shin, Jae http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2326-1820
Cortese, Samuele
Article History
Received: 13 January 2023
Revised: 17 May 2023
Accepted: 13 June 2023
First Online: 27 July 2023
Competing interests
: MS received honoraria/has been consultant for AbbVie, Angelini, Lundbeck, Otsuka. CUC has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk,Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Mindpax, LB Pharma and Quantic. MF received consulting fees & fees for non-CME/CE services from: Angelini, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Innova Pharma, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier. All outside of the present work. SCo has received honoraria from the following non-profit associations: British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP), Association for Child and Adolescent mental health (ACAMH), and Canadian ADHD Alliance Resource (CADDRA). SG received honoraria/has been consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim. Other authors have no conflict of interest o declare.
: We followed the standard procedure recommended registering additional publications from the GBD 2019 project after the publication of the capstone paper [9]. The Institutional Review Board approved our study at Yonsei University Health System for data use.