Whitton, Alexis E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-2172
Kumar, Poornima http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-3281
Treadway, Michael T. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-114X
Rutherford, Ashleigh V.
Ironside, Manon L.
Foti, Dan
Fitzmaurice, Garrett
Du, Fei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-4255
Pizzagalli, Diego A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-1143
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101521, R37MH068376)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1110773)
Article History
Received: 7 November 2022
Revised: 13 June 2023
Accepted: 23 June 2023
First Online: 4 July 2023
Competing interests
: Over the past 3 years, DAP has received consulting fees from Albright Stonebridge Group, Boehringer Ingelheim, Compass Pathways, Engrail Therapeutics, Neumora Therapeutics (formerly BlackThorn Therapeutics), Neurocrine Biosciences, Neuroscience Software, Otsuka, Sage Therapeutics, Sunovion, and Takeda; he has received honoraria from the Psychonomic Society and American Psychological Association (for editorial work) and Alkermes; he has received research funding from the Bird Foundation, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Dana Foundation, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and Wellcome Leap (Multi-Channel Psych); he has received stock options from Compass Pathways, Engrail Therapeutics, Neumora Therapeutics, and Neuroscience Software. DAP has a financial interest in Neumora Therapeutics (former BlackThorn Therapeutics), which has licensed the copyright to the Probabilistic Reward Task through Harvard University. DAP’s interests were reviewed and are managed by McLean Hospital and Massachusetts General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. No funding from these entities was used to support the current work, and all views expressed are solely those of the authors. In the past 3 years, Michael Treadway has served as a paid consultant for Neumora Therapeutics (formerly BlackThorn Therapeutics) and Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interest.