Romo-Nava, Francisco http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-3701
Awosika, Oluwole O.
Basu, Ishita
Blom, Thomas J.
Welge, Jeffrey
Datta, Abhishek
Guillen, Alexander
Guerdjikova, Anna I.
Fleck, David E.
Georgiev, Georgi
Mori, Nicole
Patino, Luis R.
DelBello, Melissa P.
McNamara, Robert K.
Buijs, Ruud M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-4632
Frye, Mark A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-4215
McElroy, Susan L.
Article History
Received: 30 May 2023
Revised: 20 November 2023
Accepted: 27 November 2023
First Online: 20 December 2023
Competing interests
: FRN receives grant support from the National Institute of Mental Health K23 Award (K23MH120503) and from a 2017 NARSAD Young Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation; is the inventor of U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent # 10,857,356, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for treatment of psychiatric disorders; with the University of Cincinnati as assignee. The potential for a conflict of interest during the study was disclosed and addressed by UC’s IRB. FRN has also received consultant fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical and non-financial research support from Soterix Medical. Soterix Medical provided non-financial research support consisting in a secondary transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulator device in loan during the study. Soterix Medical did not participate in the planning, design, conduction, analysis, or interpretation of the clinical trial data. AD and AG work in Research and Development at Soterix Medical and contributed to generate the E-field simulation presented in this manuscript. OOA reports grant support from the American Academy of Neurology Institute and has no potential conflict of interest with this study. IB, TJB and JW report no conflict of interest. AD is supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (NIH): 75N95020C00024 and 1R44MH126833-01A1, Department of Defense (DOD): W912CG21C0014, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): 80NSSC22CA071. AD and AG are employees of Soterix Medical, Inc. AIG is a consultant for SignantHealth. DEF, GG, NM and LRP report no conflict of interest. MPD has received research support from the National Institute of Health, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), AbbVie, Alkermes, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Lundbeck, Myriad, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sage, Shire, Sunovion, Supernus, and Vanda and has provided consultation or advisory board services for Alkermes, Allergan, Assurex, CMEology, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Lundbeck, Myriad, Neuronetics, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Sage. RKM and RMB report no conflict of interest. MAF has received grant support from Assurex Health and Mayo Foundation, has received CME travel support and honoraria from Carnot Laboratories and American Physician Institute, and has financial interest/stockownership/royalties with Chymia LLC. SLM is or has been a consultant to or member of the scientific advisory boards of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Idorsia, Myriad, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Sipnose, Sunovion and Takeda. She is or has been a principal or co-investigator on studies sponsored by Brainsway, Idorsia, Janssen, Marriott Foundation, Myriad, National Institute of Mental Health, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, and Sunovion. She is also an inventor on United States Patent No. 6,323,236 B2, Use of Sulfamate Derivatives for Treating Impulse Control Disorders, and along with the patent’s assignee, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, has received payments from Johnson & Johnson, which has exclusive rights under the patent.