Margoni, Monica
Valsasina, Paola
Bacchetti, Anna
Mistri, Damiano
Preziosa, Paolo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-0019
Rocca, Maria A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-4320
Filippi, Massimo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-0479
Article History
Received: 4 September 2023
Revised: 13 March 2024
Accepted: 13 March 2024
First Online: 25 March 2024
Competing interests
: MM reports grants and personal fees from Sanofi Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Almiral. She was awarded a MAGNIMS-ECTRIMS fellowship in 2020. PV received speakers’ honoraria from Biogen Idec. AB and DM have nothing to disclose. PP received speaker honoraria from Roche, Biogen, Novartis, Merck Serono, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Horizon, and Sanofi. He has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. MAR received consulting fees from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Roche; and speaker honoraria from Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bromatech, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Healthcare Germany, Merck Serono SpA, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. She receives research support from the MS Society of Canada, the Italian Ministry of Health, The Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. She is Associate Editor for <i>Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders</i>. MF is Editor-in-Chief of the <i>Journal of Neurology</i>, Associate Editor of <i>Human Brain Mapping</i>, Associate Editor of <i>Radiology</i>, and Associate Editor of <i>Neurological Sciences</i>; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla.
: Approval was received from the institutional ethical standards committee on human experimentation of IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele for any experiments using human subjects (Protocol N° 2015-33). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to study participation according to the Declaration of Helsinki.