Updates are available Correction dated 2020-10-30

Article History

Received: 26 September 2019

Revised: 23 June 2020

Accepted: 17 July 2020

First Online: 28 July 2020

Change Date: 30 October 2020

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01229-0

Competing interests

: B.P.L. served as an expert witness in cases related to childhood lead poisoning, but he has not personally received any compensation for these services. J.M.B. was financially compensated for serving as an expert witness for plaintiffs in litigation related to tobacco smoke exposures and received a honoraria for serving on an advisory board to Quest Diagnostics. M.T. was compensated for providing expert advice to lawyers in cases related to childhood lead poisoning and to the New South Wales EPA Broken Hill Environmental Lead Program. D.E.J. was compensated providing expert testimony in lead poisoning cases. N.N. receives research funding from Meridian Biosciences and was compensated for providing expert advice in a lead exposure case. The authors have no conflicts of interest.

: Research assistants explained study protocols to prospective participants before obtaining written informed consent for women and their children.