Robinson, Cal
Chanchlani, Rahul
Gayowsky, Anastasia
Brar, Sandeep
Darling, Elizabeth
Demers, Catherine
Klowak, Jennifer
Knight, Braden
Kuenzig, Ellen
Mondal, Tapas
Parekh, Rulan
Seow, Hsien
Jimenez-Rivera, Carolina
Webster, Richard
Fung, Stephen
Benchimol, Eric I.
Batthish, Michelle
Article History
Received: 24 October 2020
Revised: 4 March 2021
Accepted: 7 March 2021
First Online: 30 March 2021
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available.
: The use of data in this project was authorized under section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act and was approved by Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board.
: ICES is an independent, non-profit research institute whose legal status under Ontario’s health information privacy law allows it to collect and analyze healthcare and demographic data, without consent, for health system evaluation and improvement.