Judy, Brendan F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4981-1408
Tracz, Jovanna A.
Rincon-Torroella, Jordina
Ahmed, A. Karim
Witham, Timothy F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-8344
Article History
Received: 4 November 2022
Revised: 22 August 2023
Accepted: 24 August 2023
First Online: 5 September 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. Dr. Witham reported being an Advisory Board Member (unpaid) and stockholder from Augmedics and receiving grants from Gordon and Marilyn Macklin Foundation outside the submitted work.
: Ethical approval was not required by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board, as the presented work is a medical/educational activity that does not meet the Department of Health and Human Services definition of “research”, which is: “a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.”