Updates are available Correction dated 2019-03-05

Article History

Received: 27 April 2018

Revised: 30 July 2018

Accepted: 7 September 2018

First Online: 14 December 2018

Change Date: 5 March 2019

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: Michael F. Grunebaum’s name was misspelled/misstated as “Gruenbaum M.F.” in the original Article. This has now been updated in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.

Conflict of interest

: Funding for this work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (IRP-NIMH-NIH; ZIA MH002857, ZIA MH002930), by a NARSAD Independent Investigator Award to C.A.Z., and by a Brain and Behavior Mood Disorders Research Award to C.A.Z. C.A.Z. is listed as a coinventor on a patent for the use of ketamine and its metabolites in major depression and suicidal ideation. C.A.Z. is listed as a coinventor on a patent for the use of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine, (<i>S</i>)-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydro and hydroxylated metabolites of (<i>R,S</i>)-ketamine metabolites in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain. C.A.Z. is listed as coinventor on a patent application for the use of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine and (2 <i>S</i>,6 <i>S</i>)-hydroxynorketamine in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorders; he has assigned his patent rights to the US government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. J.J.M. and M.A.O. receive royalties for commercial use of the C-SSRS from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene. M.A.O.’s family owns stock in Bristol Myers Squibb. In the past three years, J.W.M. has provided consultation services for Fortress Biotech, Inc., Novartis, Janssen Research and Development, Genentech, and ProPhase, and has received research support from Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. J.W.M. is named on a pending patent for lithium to extend the antidepressant effect of ketamine and for the combination of lithium and ketamine for the treatment of suicidal ideation. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (with which J.W.M. is affiliated) is named on a patent, has entered into a licensing agreement, and will receive payments related to the use of ketamine if it is approved for the treatment of depression. J.W.M. is not named on the patent and will not receive any payments. M.F. and W.D. are employees of Janssen Pharmaceuticals and have patent on scopolamine. All remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose, financial or otherwise.