Moaddel, Ruin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-0127
Zanos, Panos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-8648
Farmer, Cristan A.
Kadriu, Bashkim http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-9451
Morris, Patrick J.
Lovett, Jacqueline
Acevedo-Diaz, Elia E.
Cavanaugh, Grace W.
Yuan, Peixiong
Yavi, Mani
Thomas, Craig J.
Park, Lawrence T. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-686X
Ferrucci, Luigi
Gould, Todd D. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1511-7183
Zarate, Carlos A. Jr
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH107615, R21AI145211-01A1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
Article History
Received: 22 December 2021
Revised: 13 April 2022
Accepted: 20 April 2022
First Online: 2 May 2022
Competing interests
: Dr. Zarate is listed as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of ketamine in major depression and suicidal ideation. Drs. Zarate and Moaddel are co-inventors on a patent for the use of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine, (<i>S</i>)-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydroxylated and hydroxylated metabolites of (<i>R,S</i>)-ketamine metabolites in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain. Drs. Zarate, Moaddel, Gould, Zanos, Morris, and Thomas are co-inventors on a patent application for the use of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine and (2 <i>S</i>,6 <i>S</i>)-hydroxynorketamine in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorders, and crystal forms and methods of synthesis of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine and (2 <i>S</i>,6 <i>S</i>)-hydroxynorketamine. Drs. Morris and Thomas are co-inventors on a patent application for the salts of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine, their crystal forms, and methods of making the same and the process for synthesis and purification of (2 <i>R</i>,6 <i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine. Drs. Zarate, Moaddel, Morris, and Thomas have assigned their patent rights to the U.S. government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. Drs. Gould and Zanos have assigned their patent rights to the University of Maryland, Baltimore but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the University of Maryland, Baltimore. All other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose, financial or otherwise.