Difede, JoAnn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-8065
Rothbaum, Barbara O. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-7124
Rizzo, Albert A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-7731
Wyka, Katarzyna http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2497
Spielman, Lisa
Reist, Christopher http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-6082
Roy, Michael J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-774X
Jovanovic, Tanja http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-0053
Norrholm, Seth D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-7096
Cukor, Judith
Olden, Megan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-7228
Glatt, Charles E.
Lee, Francis S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7108-9650
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045, W81XWH-10-1-1045)
Article History
Received: 12 May 2022
Revised: 30 June 2022
Accepted: 7 July 2022
First Online: 27 July 2022
Competing interests
: The authors, with the exception of JD, BOR, AAR, JC and TJ, declare no conflicts of interest. JD has funding from Department of Defense Clinical Trial Grants (No. W81XWH-15-1-0645 and No. W81XWH-18-1-0262) and Weill Cornell Medical College. JD serves as a member of the advisory board at Pear Therapeutics, Inc. BOR has funding from Wounded Warrior Project, Department of Defense Clinical Trial Grant No.W81XWH-10-1-1045, National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. 1R01MH094757-01, and McCormick Foundation. BOR receives royalties from Oxford University Press, Guilford, APPI, and Emory University and received advisory board payments from Genentech, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Nobilis Therapeutics, Neuronetics, and Aptinyx. BOR owns equity in Virtually Better, Inc. that creates virtual reality products. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by Emory University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. However, The Virtual Iraq software used in this study was created by AAR and his team at ICT, not Virtually Better. AAR serves as a member of the advisory board at Pear Therapeutics, Inc. JC serves as a consultant to Virtually Better, Inc. TJ has support from the National Institutes of Health (R01MH111682, R01MH110364). The authors declare no competing interests.