Reiner, Benjamin C. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-587X
Zhang, Yafang
Stein, Lauren M.
Perea, Emilie Dávila
Arauco-Shapiro, Gabriella
Ben Nathan, Jennifer
Ragnini, Kael
Hayes, Matthew R. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-6551
Ferraro, Thomas N. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-8772
Berrettini, Wade H. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-5165
Schmidt, Heath D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-5605
Crist, Richard C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK105155)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA044015, R01 DA037897, R21 DA045792)
State of Pennsylvania Department of Health Nonformula Tobacco Settlement Act Grant, Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorder
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse
Article History
Received: 25 February 2022
Revised: 18 August 2022
Accepted: 22 August 2022
First Online: 8 September 2022
Competing interests
: BCR and MRH receive research funding from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim that was not used in support of these studies. MRH receives research funding from Eli Lilly & Co. that was not used in support of these studies. MRH is CEO of Cantius Therapeutics, LLC which pursues biological work unrelated to the current study. All other authors declare no competing interests.