Huang, Jian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-5013
Kee, Michelle Z. L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-4521
Law, Evelyn C. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-7220
Sum, Ka Kei
Silveira, Patricia Pelufo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-2519
Godfrey, Keith M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-0618
Daniel, Lourdes Mary
Tan, Kok Hian http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-0266
Chong, Yap Seng
Chan, Shiao-Yng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-3023
Eriksson, Johan G.
Meaney, Michael J.
Huang, Jonathan Yinhao
Funding for this research was provided by:
MOH | National Medical Research Council (MOH-001148)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/4)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NF-SI-0515-10042, NIHR203319)
EC | Erasmus+ (ImpENSA 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24AG047867)
National Research Foundation Singapore (MOH-000504)
JPB Foundation
Article History
Received: 27 September 2023
Revised: 27 November 2023
Accepted: 29 November 2023
First Online: 4 January 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: GUSTO: Ethics approval was obtained from Centralised Institutional Review Board of SingHealth (2018/2767) and the Domain Specific Review Board of Singapore National Healthcare Group (D/2009/021, B/2014/00414). Informed written consent was obtained from each participant. ALSPAC: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees. Details of the ethics committee/institutional review board(s) is available at ExternalRef removed. Consent for biological samples has been collected in accordance with the Human Tissue Act (2004). Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time.