Heise, Verena http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-4128
Offer, Alison
Whiteley, William http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4816-8991
Mackay, Clare E.
Armitage, Jane M.
Parish, Sarah http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-0832
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC-UU-00017/5)
Nuffield Department of Population Health Intermediate Fellowship
DH | National Institute for Health Research
Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Revised: 14 February 2024
Accepted: 22 February 2024
First Online: 12 March 2024
Change Date: 28 March 2024
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Pre-registration
Change Details: The pre-registered study protocol is available on doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BRN3H. Changes from the pre-registered protocol are described in the supplementary methods.
Change Details: Open data
Change Details: UK Biobank is an open access resource and researchers can apply to use the data following procedures outlined on their website: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research. were removed from Acknowledgements to a separate entry.
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.