Ho, Ming-Fen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-3924
Zhang, Cheng
Moon, Irene
Tuncturk, Mustafa
Coombes, Brandon J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-5923
Biernacka, Joanna http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-4440
Skime, Michelle http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3017
Oesterle, Tyler S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-8086
Karpyak, Victor M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-6130
Li, Hu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-5472
Weinshilboum, Richard http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-7985
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA28050, AA27487, AA17830, AA27486)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA57928)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (31329)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Article History
Received: 22 December 2022
Revised: 13 March 2024
Accepted: 15 March 2024
First Online: 26 March 2024
Competing interests
: Dr. Weinshilboum is a cofounder of and stockholder in OneOme LLC, a pharmacogenomics decision-support company. All other authors have no conflicts to declare.
: We conducted this study under protocols reviewed and approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB numbers: 07-007204, 18-006428, and 20-00372). All participants provided informed consent. We maintained confidentiality for all study participants.
: All patients whose samples were used in this study gave their consent for participation in the study and for publication of the study results in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.