Al-Hadi, Mona Abdulrahman Abdullah http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-7093
Article History
Received: 14 November 2023
Revised: 5 February 2024
Accepted: 6 February 2024
First Online: 13 March 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study used an experimental randomized post-test-only control group design, and the protocol was approved by the Faculty of Dentistry Research Ethics Commission, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, with ethical clearance No. 462/HRECC.FODM/V/2023 (approval date: May 5, 2023).