Pang, Yuanjie
Kartsonaki, Christiana
Guo, Yu
Chen, Yiping
Yang, Ling
Bian, Zheng
Bragg, Fiona
Millwood, Iona Y.
Mao, Enke
Li, Yilei
Shi, Liya
Chen, Junshi
Li, Liming
Holmes, Michael V.
Chen, Zhengming
Article History
Received: 22 January 2018
Revised: 23 April 2018
Accepted: 25 April 2018
First Online: 6 June 2018
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The materials are available upon request; some restrictions will apply.
: Central ethical approvals were obtained from Oxford University and the China National CDC. Approvals were also obtained from institutional research boards at the local CDCs in ten areas: Qingdao, Qingdao CDC; Heilongjiang, Provincial CDC; Hainan, Provincial CDC; Jiangsu, Provincial CDC; Guangxi, Provincial CDC; Sichuan, Provincial CDC; Gansu, Provincial CDC; Henan, Provincial CDC; Zhejiang, Provincial CDC; and Hunan, Provincial CDC.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
: This study is funded by Baseline survey: Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, Hong Kong. Long-term continuation is by UK Wellcome Trust (088158/Z/09/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z), Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01, 2012-14), and Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (81390541). The British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, and Cancer Research UK provided core funding to the Oxford CTSU. Fiona Bragg acknowledges support from the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Michael​ Holmes is supported by a British Heart Foundation Intermediate Clinical Research Fellowship (FS/18/23/33512) and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.