Maroni, Roberta http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-2881
Massat, Nathalie J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-994X
Parmar, Dharmishta
Dibden, Amanda http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-9840
Cuzick, Jack
Sasieni, Peter D. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-8744
Duffy, Stephen W. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-7922
Article History
Received: 18 March 2020
Revised: 21 October 2020
Accepted: 28 October 2020
First Online: 23 November 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Department of Health. Ethical approval was obtained from the London Research Ethics Committee of the National Research Ethics Service (reference: 12/LO/1041), and by the National Information Governance Board Ethics and Confidentiality Committee (reference: ECC 6–05 (e)/2012). The ethics committee agreed that informed consent to participate for the study subjects was not necessary. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Data were saved on the servers of the Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, in a folder with restricted access to D.P. A clean, anonymised version of the data was produced and made available to R.M., A.D. and S.W.D. with restricted access to the staff of the Policy Research Unit in Cancer Awareness, Screening and Early Diagnosis at Queen Mary University of London. The data were obtained via the Office for Data Release at Public Health England. We do not have authority to share the data with others, but requests for access to data will be forwarded to the Office for Data Release.
: P.D.S. reports personal fees from GRAIL Bio outside the submitted work. J.C. and S.W.D. are members of the editorial board of the British Journal of Cancer. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: his research is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Programme, conducted through the Policy Research Unit (PRU) in Cancer Awareness, Screening and Early Diagnosis, PR-PRU-1217-21601. The PRU is a collaboration between researchers from seven institutions (Queen Mary University of London, University College London, King’s College London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Hull York Medical School, Durham University, and Peninsula Medical School). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funding body was not involved in design, data collection, analysis or interpretation. The funding body had sight of the paper prior to publication but has not had input to its content.