Zoltick, Emilie S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-9769
Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.
Yuan, Chen
Wang, Molin
Fuchs, Charles S.
Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.
Chan, Andrew T.
Ng, Kimmie
Ogino, Shuji http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-2323
Stampfer, Meir J.
Giovannucci, Edward L.
Wu, Kana http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-1694
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35 CA253185, R01 CA205406, R21 CA230873, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA167552, P01 CA87969, P50 CA127003, R35 CA197735, P01 CA 55075, R03 CA197879, R21 CA222940, R21 CA230873)
Stuart and Suzanne Steele MGH Research Scholar
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
American Institute for Cancer Research
Article History
Received: 10 August 2020
Revised: 14 June 2021
Accepted: 1 July 2021
First Online: 15 July 2021
Competing interests
: CSF reports consulting role for Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Astra-Zeneca, Bain Capital, CytomX Therapeutics, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Entrinsic Health, Evolveimmune Therapeutics, Genentech, Merck, Taiho and Unum Therapeutics. He also serves as a Director for CytomX Therapeutics and owns unexercised stock options for CytomX and Entrinsic Health. He is a co-Founder of Evolveimmune Therapeutics and has equity in this private company. He had provided expert testimony for Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly. CSF is now an employee of Genentech and Roche. JAM received institutional research funding from Boston Biomedical and has served as an advisor/consultant to Ignyta, Taiho and Cota; though this study was not funded by any of these commercial entities. ATC has received consulting fees from Bayer Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, and Boehringer Ingelheim for work unrelated to this manuscript. He has also served as an investigator on a trial funded by Zoe Global Ltd. KN has received institutional research funding from Pharmavite, Evergrande Group, Janssen and Revolution Medicines. She has also served on an advisory board for Seattle Genetics, Array Biopharma and BiomX, and has served as a consultant to X-Biotix Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and those of participating registries as required. Return of questionnaires was considered to imply informed consent. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
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