Conway, Alicia-Marie http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-8206
Morris, Georgina C.
Smith, Sarah
Vekeria, Monique
Manoharan, Prakash
Mitchell, Claire
Backen, Alison
Oliveira, Pedro
Hubner, Richard A.
Lamarca, Angela
McNamara, Mairéad G. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-3678
Valle, Juan W. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-0863
Cook, Natalie http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-1082
Article History
Received: 8 December 2021
Revised: 29 March 2022
Accepted: 6 April 2022
First Online: 28 April 2022
Competing interests
: MGM received research grant support from Servier, Ipsen and NuCana. She has received travel and accommodation support from Bayer and Ipsen and speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Ipsen, NuCana and Mylan. She has served on advisory boards for Celgene, Ipsen, Sirtex, Baxalta and Incyte; all outside the scope of this work. AL received travel and educational support from Ipsen, Pfizer, Bayer, AAA, SirtEx, Novartis, Mylan and Delcath; speaker honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, Incyte, AAA, QED and Servier; advisory honoraria from EISAI, Nutricia Ipsen, QED, Roche and Servier; she is a member of the Knowledge Network and NETConnect Initiatives funded by Ipsen. JWV reports personal fees from Agios, personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from Baxter, personal fees from Genoscience Pharma, personal fees from Hutchison Medipharma, personal fees from Imaging Equipment Ltd (AAA), personal fees from Incyte, personal fees from Ipsen, personal fees from Mundipharma EDO, personal fees from Mylan, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from NuCana, personal fees from QED, personal fees from Servier, personal fees from Sirtex, personal fees from Zymeworks, all outside the submitted work. NC: Advisory Board: Redx Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CUP Foundation. Funding to Research Institute: AstraZeneca, Orion, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Taiho, GSK, Novartis, Starpharma, Bayer, Eisai, UCB, Redx Pharmaceuticals, Stemline Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Tarveda Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection for this study was approved by a Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit Committee at a single institution (The Christie NHS Foundation Trust; reference number 2515; 17 April 2019). In the cases where residual diagnostic tissue remained from deceased individuals, and consent was not feasible ethical approval for subsequent tissue analysis was obtained from Yorkshire & The Humber—Sheffield Research Ethics Committee (REC; reference approval ID 20/YH/0305).