Zhang, Yin
Song, Mingyang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-0316
Chan, Andrew T.
Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.
Willett, Walter C.
Giovannucci, Edward L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-0219
Funding for this research was provided by:
Irene M. & Fredrick J. Stare Nutrition Education Fund Doctoral Scholarship and Mayer Fund Doctoral Scholarship
American Cancer Society (MRSG-17-220-01-NEC)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R00 CA215314, R01 CA137178, R35 CA253185, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726, P01 CA87969, U01 CA167552)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
World Cancer Research Fund
Article History
Received: 30 November 2021
Revised: 23 August 2022
Accepted: 30 August 2022
First Online: 22 September 2022
Competing interests
: Dr. Meyerhardt declares institutional research funding from Boston Biomedical and consulting for Ignyta, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Cota, outside the submitted work. Dr. Chan declares research funding from Bayer and consulting for Bayer, Pfizer Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Boston, MA), and those of participating registries as required. Written informed consent was required to retrieve medical records.
: Not applicable.